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Biostratigraphical value of the Mediterranean planktic foraminifera.
Škrátek, Matej ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Kopecká, Jitka (referee)
The first part of the work deals with the general biology of planktonic foraminifera, shell morphology, and ecology. The following section concerns the middle Miocene period and its biostratigraphic division into biozones based on planktonic species in subtropical areas and the Mediterranean region. The next part includes a brief overview of chemostratigraphy using strontium and its use in dating. The practical section includes dating methods based on biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, and their subsequent use in dating samples from southern Spain. The final part summarizes the results of both methods and their interpretation.
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Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the populations of Gobius niger (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)
Hradečný, Jakub ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Perdices, Anabel (referee)
Gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) are the most speciose fish family and the most abundant fish group of the European seas. Yet, the population genetic diversity has been studied in only a few European goby species. Although the ocean is seemingly a continuous habitat, there are barriers to gene flow in marine environment in form of e.g. straits or marine currents. The black goby (Gobius niger) is a demersal marine fish with planktonic larvae, inhabiting the coastal waters of Europe, north Africa and the Mediterranean and Black Sea coast of the Middle East. The current work examined individuals from 28 localities across the distribution range of the species in order to study the population genetic diversity. The analyses of two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b and D loop) revealed a complex structuring of the population and a pronounced intraspecific diversity (maximum uncorrected p-distance 6.1 %). The population is divided into four very diverse haplotype groups, with unexpected geographic pattern. While the population inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea is generally genetically homogeneous, with all examined individuals bearing haplotypes belonging to a single haplotype group, the Mediterranean population is very complex, displaying a presence of four haplotype groups, some of which...
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The Siso Sperm Whale - The Face of Illegal Fishing in the Mediterranean Sea
Koudelová, Tereza ; Macková, Veronika (advisor) ; Lokšík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The practical part is a documentary entitled The Siso Sperm Whale - The Face of Illegal Fishing in the Mediterranean Sea which deals with illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Mediterranean Sea and its impacts on the ecosystem. It presents illegal fishing in the South Tyrrhenian Sea and shows how this activity threatens the local environment and contributes to plastic pollution. At the same time, over a two-and-a-half month documentary period, the film illustrates the work of Sea Shepherd, a non-profit organisation that operates in the area. In cooperation with the Italian coastguard and the financial police, is fighting the problem and looking for possible solutions.The theoretical part is the basis of the documentary, defines the concept and the processing of the documentary, describes the basics of audiovisual production, presents a research on the topic under discussion and illustrates the issue of illegal fishing through expert studies. It also touches marginally the media representation of the topic. The last part is a description of its realization and a reflection of the final work.
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Review of knowledge on the Mediterranean marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) are small, inconspicuous fishes occupying marine, brackish and freshwater environments. They are very abundant group, with more than 1,700 species and around 260 genera currently recognised. Gobies have worldwide geographical distribution in coastal waters with exceptions of Arctic and Antarctic areas. More than half species occur in tropical seas. In the Mediterranean Sea, 61 species are known up to date, which inhabit four main types of habitats: benthic, cryptobenthic, hyperbenthic and nektonic. The European gobies were assigned to three distinct lineages. In all these lineages, north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species are placed together, which evidences common evolution of the gobies from these two water masses. A variety of ecological and biological traits can be seen within each of the European goby lineage. The nectonic way of life evolved three times independently in the course of evolution. Although Gobiidae are the most specious fish family in the Mediterranean, there is still little information about most of the species. In some cases, the assumption on geographical distribution is based just on several findings. The life-span and reproduction is known for about one third of species. This work is a summarization of the published data about the gobies...
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Comparison of the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of selected species of European marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Rovatsos, Michail (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Actinopterygii) are small, predominantly cryptic, marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. They abundantly inhabit coastal waters, although their occurrence is far from being mapped due to their inconspicity, often hidden lifestyle and a lack of commercial use. Information about distribution of many species is therefore still rather poor. Many species are known only from a few locations scattered throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic. This suggests that most species could actually have a relatively continuous distribution area. Comparing the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of the same species can help to detect whether there is some population subdivision and whether populations are genetically isolated from each other. The aim of my thesis was to compare genetic variability of the populations of eight goby species: Corcyrogobius liechtensteini, Gobius cruentatus, Gobius geniporus, Gobius incognitus, Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus, Millerigobius macrocephalus and Zebrus zebrus within Mediterranean Sea and north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Samples used in this work were collected from two Atlantic (Spain and Portugal) and seven Mediterranean localities (France, Sicily, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, and Cyprus - northern and...
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Comparison of the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of selected species of European marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Rovatsos, Michail (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Actinopterygii) are small, predominantly cryptic, marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. They abundantly inhabit coastal waters, although their occurrence is far from being mapped due to their inconspicity, often hidden lifestyle and a lack of commercial use. Information about distribution of many species is therefore still rather poor. Many species are known only from a few locations scattered throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic. This suggests that most species could actually have a relatively continuous distribution area. Comparing the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of the same species can help to detect whether there is some population subdivision and whether populations are genetically isolated from each other. The aim of my thesis was to compare genetic variability of the populations of eight goby species: Corcyrogobius liechtensteini, Gobius cruentatus, Gobius geniporus, Gobius incognitus, Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus, Millerigobius macrocephalus and Zebrus zebrus within Mediterranean Sea and north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Samples used in this work were collected from two Atlantic (Spain and Portugal) and seven Mediterranean localities (France, Sicily, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, and Cyprus - northern and...
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The UN on the Threshold of the 21st Century – The Convention for Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution (a case study)
Mrkvičková, Jana ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Růžičková, Barbora (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the Convention for Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution. The thesis analyses the influence of Barcelona Convention on the quality of the Mediterranean environment and defines the barriers to a more effective functioning of the Mediterranean Action Plan. It proves that the United Nations plays an important role in the field of international relations, which was also confirmed by the creation of the United Nations Environmental Programme. The bachelor thesis describes how the approach to the issue of environmental pollution at the international level has evolved since the 70s of the twentieth century. The last part compares the condition of the Mediterranean Sea before the signing of the Barcelona Convention with the current condition.
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Review of knowledge on the Mediterranean marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) are small, inconspicuous fishes occupying marine, brackish and freshwater environments. They are very abundant group, with more than 1,700 species and around 260 genera currently recognised. Gobies have worldwide geographical distribution in coastal waters with exceptions of Arctic and Antarctic areas. More than half species occur in tropical seas. In the Mediterranean Sea, 61 species are known up to date, which inhabit four main types of habitats: benthic, cryptobenthic, hyperbenthic and nektonic. The European gobies were assigned to three distinct lineages. In all these lineages, north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species are placed together, which evidences common evolution of the gobies from these two water masses. A variety of ecological and biological traits can be seen within each of the European goby lineage. The nectonic way of life evolved three times independently in the course of evolution. Although Gobiidae are the most specious fish family in the Mediterranean, there is still little information about most of the species. In some cases, the assumption on geographical distribution is based just on several findings. The life-span and reproduction is known for about one third of species. This work is a summarization of the published data about the gobies...
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Morphologic-genetic study of populations of salt-water gastropod \kur{Hexaplex trunculus} from Mediterranean sea
MACÍK, Jiří
Variability in genes and shell shape of salt water gastropod Hexaplex trunculus (Linné, 1758) was compared among the samples from three Croatian coastline localities, four localities on Greek island Lefkada and two localities from south France coastline in total number of 464 specimens. Genetical criteria were not found for separating individual populations. No variability were found in 683 bp long fragment of gene for michondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI). Differences among populations were not significant, even in conection of my data with the data of recent portuguese study (sequences from GenBank). Differences among populations were found by the geometric morphometric method. Based on these results, morphotypes for certain habitats were determined. During the study, high level of tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the Mediterranean sea causing sexual malformation called imposex phenomenon, was proved in this species of gastropod.
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